UPI MDR Charges: When do the provisions take effect? How does it compare with international payment systems?

From 15 October 2026, a 0.4% MDR will apply to specified UPI merchant transactions above ₹2,000, capped at ₹300 for transactions of ₹75,000 and above. Consumers and P2P payments remain free, while India’s model differs from digital-payment fee structures in other countries.